Salary Increase Budgets Decline for First Time in 12 Years
Pay increase rates plunged but may rise again as economy reopens
Hoping for an economic rebound before year-end, employers haven't abandoned their salary increase budgets for 2020, although they have trimmed them a bit, new research shows. They don't expect to step up salary budget growth next year, given uncertainty over the economic outlook, salary increase forecasts show.
Responding to Uncertainty
WorldatWork's 2020-2021 Salary Budget Survey, conducted from May 27 to June 26, with 4,754 responses from total rewards professionals, found that salary increase budgets are still in play at most organizations.
Respondents said that they anticipated employee compensation at their organizations would grow by an average of 2.9 percent in 2020, down from the projected average increase of 3.3 percent expected at the start of the year and the first time in 12 years that the rate of increase has fallen from the prior year. "The last time the survey saw a decline in salary budget increases was during the Great Recession of 2008-09," WorldatWork reported.
The table below summarizes the survey's top-level results for 2020 and projected salary budget increases for 2021, compared with 2019 salary budget increases. The mean is the mathematical average, and the median is the middle value after listing expected budget increases in successive order. Outliers, or extreme values on either the high or low end, have a bigger effect on the mean and less on the median.
The finding that projections for 2021 closely mirror 2020 outcomes shows the high level of uncertainty among compensation planners about the state of the economy next year, WorldatWork's analysis suggested.
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Total U.S. Salary Budget Increases: 2019-2021
Salary increase budgets are the pool of money available annually for base pay adjustments.
| Employee Category | Actual 2019 Mean | Actual 2019 Median | Actual 2020 Mean | Actual 2020 Median | Projected 2021 Mean | Projected 2021 Median |
| Nonexempt hourly, nonunion | 3.2% | 3.3% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% |
| Nonexempt salaried | 3.1% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% |
| Exempt salaried | 3.2% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% |
| Officers/executives | 3.3% | 3.0% | 3.3% | 3.0% | 3.3% | 3.0% |
| All | 3.2% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.0% |
Source: WorldatWork 2020-2021 Salary Budget Survey: Top-Level Results and 2019-2020 Salary Budget Survey: Top-Level Results.
A Range of Adjustments
Contributing to the decline in salary budget growth was a significant rise in organizations that expect to keep their salary budgets to remain flat throughout 2020. "The sudden jolt of the pandemic has driven a higher percentage of organizations [to indicate] a zero salary increase budget for 2020," nearly 10 times higher than 2019, said Sue Holloway, director at WorldatWork, an association of total rewards professionals, most of whom work for large, North American firms.
Nevertheless, 84 percent of organizations expect to pay some form of salary increases in 2020. At the high end of the spectrum, "more than 70 percent of companies are still giving increases in the 3 percent to 4 percent range," Holloway said, "but we recognize the impact of the pandemic will lag" and those figures could be adjusted lower if the economy becomes mired in a recession.
Pay Equity Adjustments
Among surveyed organizations, 65 percent expect to make pay changes in 2020 to address pay equity issues, making pay more equivalent for women and minority employees based on factors such as position, tenure, education and experience, WorldatWork found. About the same number or organizations anticipate making pay equity adjustments in 2021.
Merit-Based Rewards
WorldatWork reported average base-pay merit increase budgets for 2020 at 2.6 percent of compensation, a 0.3 percent drop from 2019.
Although the size of all salary increase budgets, including merit budgets, declined in 2020, organizations continue to differentiate base pay-related awards.
Merit Increase Differentiation
| High Performers Mean | Middle Performers Mean | Low Performers Mean | |
| 2020 | 3.6% | 2.5% | 0.6% |
| 2019 | 4.0% | 2.7% | 0.8% |
Source: WorldatWork Salary Budget Survey 2019-2020: Executive Report & Analysis.
WorldatWork will field a survey in October to update these findings in light of the state of the economy later this year.
'Wait and See' Approach Popular
Compensation advisory firm Empsight's August 2020 Policies, Practices & Merit Survey Report analyzes results from a survey of 248 large U.S. companies, which asked participants to forecast their merit increase budget for 2021, if known.
Only 175 companies (70 percent of participants) were able to forecast merit budgets for 2021, while 217 provided forecasts last year (86 percent of the total). This "wait and see" approach is consistent with many other survey responses, Empsight pointed out.
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Forecasted Merit Increase Budget for 2021
(includes companies planning no merit budget increase for next year)
| | Mean | 25th Percentile | Median | 75th Percentile |
| Overall Forecasted Merit Increase Budget | 2.66% | 2.50% | 3.00% | 3.00% |
| Executive | 2.49% | 2.44% | 3.00% | 3.00% |
| Management | 2.66% | 2.50% | 3.00% | 3.00% |
| Professionals | 2.67% | 2.50% | 3.00% | 3.00% |
| Support / Nonexempt | 2.62% | 2.50% | 3.00% | 3.00% |
Source: Empsight, Policies, Practices & Merit Survey Report, August 2020.
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Empsight also asked participating companies to forecast their total percentage salary increase budget (merit + promotional + special competitive adjustment) for 2021:
Forecasted Total Increase Budget for 2021
(includes companies planning no salary budget increase for next year)
| | Mean | 25th Percentile | Median | 75th Percentile |
| Forecasted Total Increase Budget | 2.91% | 3.00% | 3.00% | 3.26% |
| Executive | 2.76% | 2.55% | 3.00% | 3.25% |
| Management | 2.48% | 2.74% | 3.00% | 3.25% |
| Professionals | 2.85% | 2.74% | 3.00% | 3.25% |
| Support / Nonexempt | 2.80% | 2.60% | 3.00% | 3.22% |
Source: Empsight, Policies, Practices & Merit Survey Report, August 2020.
Other Forecasts in Same Ballpark
A preview of results from consultancy Willis Towers Watson's 2020 General Industry Salary Budget Survey—U.S., conducted between April and July 2020 with responses from 1,010 organizations, found that:
- Companies are projecting average salary increases of 2.8 percent for nonexecutive management and nonmangement exempt employees in 2021.
- Nonexempt salaried and hourly employees as well as executives are in line to receive slightly smaller increases (2.7 percent).
Companies granted employees increases between 2.5 percent and 2.7 percent this year, below the 3 percent companies had budgeted before the pandemic hit.
Salary increases have hovered around 3 percent for the past decade. Only 7 percent of companies are not planning pay increases next year, down significantly from 14 percent this year, "an indication that many organizations are projecting a turn toward normalcy in 2021," the firm reported.
"This has been the most challenging compensation planning year for many companies since the Great Recession," said Catherine Hartmann, North America rewards practice leader at Willis Towers Watson. "While many companies managed to avoid cutting salaries during the pandemic, most have reduced the size of this year's salary budgets and are holding the line on increases for next year. At the same time, companies continue to embrace variable pay and other reward initiatives to recognize and help retain their best performers."
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Salary Increases: Including Companies Granting No Increase
Total increases (percentage of salary).
| Employee Category | 2019 Salary Increases (average % granted) | 2020 Salary Increases (average % budgeted) | 2021 Salary Increases (average % budgeted) |
| Executives | 3.2% | 2.7% | 2.7% |
| Management, excluding executives | 3.2% | 2.7% | 2.8% |
| Exempt, nonmanagement | 3.1% | 2.7% | 2.8% |
| Nonexempt salaried | 2.9% | 2.5% | 2.7% |
| Nonexempt hourly | 3.0% | 2.6% | 2.7% |
Source: Willis Towers Watson, 2020 General Industry Salary Budget Survey—U.S.
Projected salary increases for 2021 were slightly higher when excluding companies that planned no increases.
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Salary Increases: Excluding Companies Granting No increase
Total increases (percentage of salary).
| Employee Category | 2019 Salary Increases (average % granted) | 2020 Salary Increases (average % budgeted) | 2021 Salary Increases (average % budgeted) |
| Executives | 3.4% | 3.2% | 3.0% |
| Management, excluding executives | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.0% |
| Exempt, nonmanagement | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.0% |
| Nonexempt salaried | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% |
| Nonexempt hourly | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% |
Source: Willis Towers Watson, 2020 General Industry Salary Budget Survey—U.S.
The Willis Towers Watson survey reports employees receiving the highest possible rating were granted an average increase of 4.7 percent this year, while those receiving an average rating typically received 2.8 percent increases.
Willis Towers Watson will release full survey results in mid-September.
Other recent research findings are broadly in line with the survey results above.
Salary.com's annual U.S. and Canada National Salary Budget Survey found that:
- 2021 median salary increase budgets were expected to remain flat at 3.0 percent for the 10th consecutive year.
- The average 2020 actual merit increase of 2.3 percent, however, fell from a 2.6 percent increase in 2019 and is substantially lower than the 2.6 percent increase that was predicted for 2020 in last year's survey.
- The projected recovery to an average 2.6 percent merit increase next year indicates that employers are optimistic about an economic recovery in 2021 and hope to restore some lost pay as a result, according to Salary.com, which provides compensation data and analytics.
Over 1,300 HR professionals across 20 industries participated in this year's survey, which closed June 21, 2020.
Salary Structure Changes WorldatWork's survey reported:
Similarly, salary.com found that salary structure increases hovered in the 1.7 percent to 2.0 percent range for most employees in 2018 and 2019, and that:
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Variable Pay Bonuses
The salary.com survey also tracked changes in variable/performance-based pay as a percentage of base pay and, again, found planning to be largely in line with prior years, across all employment levels.
"Much to our surprise, in 2020 the average variable pay as a percentage of base salary remained consistent with previous years, and as of June 2020, was projected to remain consistent in 2021," said Chris Fusco, senior vice president of compensation at Salary.com. "However, we would not be surprised to find in next year's survey that bonus prevalence and payouts actually dropped in 2020, given the ongoing economic effects of COVID-19."
Fusco noted that given the highly changeable economic climate, salary plans may be significantly altered by 2021 depending on the course of COVID-19 and economic recovery.
Willis Towers Watson's survey found that:
- Three in four companies (76 percent) are planning to award annual performance bonuses next year, roughly the same percentage as this year.
- Bonuses, generally tied to company and employee performance goals, are projected to average 11 percent of salary for exempt employees, while bonuses for nonexempt salaried and hourly employees will average around 6.8 percent and 5.6 percent, respectively.
"Most companies will continue to be in a cash preservation and cost optimization mode regarding their budgets," Willis Towers Watson's Hartmann said. "And although many companies are looking toward stabilizing their business next year, the full extent of the economic impact of the pandemic is yet to play out."
She added, "Companies will remain cautious and continue to adopt strategies that attempt to balance employee engagement with protecting their core business."
In another look at variable pay trends, consultancy Korn Ferry's May survey of some 3,500 executives at global companies showed that:
- 16 percent of organizations were not planning to offer bonuses this year, and another 40 percent were unsure of what the payout would be, if there is one.
- Among organizations that plan to distribute bonuses, 33 percent expected payouts to be less than originally intended, and 12 percent anticipated them to be at or above the target level.
Other changes include a refocusing of performance metrics and a shorter measurement period for performance.
"Given the environment, we are seeing the lowering of performance metric thresholds with lower corresponding payouts at these thresholds," said Tom McMullen, leader of Korn Ferry's rewards and benefits practice.
Government Pay-Growth Data
Wages and salaries for civilian workers increased 0.4 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the three-month period ending in June 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported on July 31. That's a stark falloff from the year-over-year trend, given that wages and salaries grew 2.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2020, according to BLS data.
A separate measure of personal income compiled by the Commerce Department's Bureau of Economic Analysis, also released July 31, found that overall U.S. income fell by 1.1 percent in June following a steeper drop of 4.4 percent in May, "as portions of the economy continued to reopen in June," the report stated.
At least 4 million private-sector workers have had their pay cut during the pandemic, according to data provided to The Washington Post in July by economists who worked on a labor market analysis for the University of Chicago's Becker Friedman Institute.
Related SHRM Articles:
Pay Freezes Were Common in 2020; Employers Stay Cautious with 2021 Budgets, SHRM Online, February 2021
One-Third of U.S. Employers Trim Projected Pay Raises for 2021, SHRM Online, October 2020
Developing a Post-Pandemic Pay Strategy, SHRM Online, June 2020
Employers Adjust Pay and Incentives Amid Economic Turmoil, SHRM Online, April 2020
Related SHRM Resource:
Salary Increase Projections 2021, SHRM Express Request
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